Course code LauZ4152

Credit points 3

Fruit Production II

Total Hours in Course81

Number of hours for lectures16

Number of hours for laboratory classes16

Independent study hours49

Date of course confirmation09.12.2019

Responsible UnitInstitute of Soil and Plant Science

Course developer

author Augsnes un augu zinātņu institūts

Kaspars Kampuss

Dr. agr.

Prior knowledge

LauZ4151, Fruit Production I

Course abstract

Diversity of fruit and berry plant propagation methods and the growing of plants, orchard establishment and growing aspects. In laboratory and practical works, students acquire an in-depth understanding of fruit and berry plants and practical skills in their propagation, growing and caring.

Learning outcomes and their assessment

1. Know the methods of fruit and berry plant propagation, plant growing organisation, technology diversity and the conditions for marketing them - test 1
2. Know the fruit and berry garden design, establishment and care – test 2
3. Are able to perform independently major work operations in the propagation and growing of plants, planting, caring - laboratories and practical works

4. Competent to study and collect information independently, to design and plan production of fruits and berries, to prepare presentations and to justify their decisions and views – individual work

Course Content(Calendar)

I Propagation of the fruit and berry plants (14 h)
11. Methods of generative and vegetative propagation of the horticultural plants - 1 h.
12. Propagation of fruit/berry plants with seeds — 3 h
13. Methods of vegetative propagation of horticultural plants by rooting- 3 h
14. Propagating of the horticultural plants by grafting – 3 h
15. Types of plant production: bare-roots plants, plants with closed root system. The technological process of plant production. Types of nurseries. Structure of nursery farms, selection of propagation material – 2 h.
16. Regulations regarding propagation material of horticultural plants. Certified and standard material. Plant passports – 1 h.
Test 1. Propagation of fruit/berry plants
II Fruit and berry garden establishment and maintenance (16 h)
1. Conditions for selection of fruit and berry orchard sites, orchards systems and installation technological processes -7 h
2. Maintenance of soil and plants in the garden, special features of crown construction, depending on the species, rootstock, age of plants and type of garden - 8 h
Test 2. Fruit and berry garden establishment and maintenance
Workshop on Individual work – presentations on the cultivation of specific fruit/berry crops, selecting the species of the interest – 2 h

Laboratory/practical work topics:
• Types of propagation of fruit/berry plants, methods of propagation by cuttings.
• Propagation of fruit plants by seeds, stratification of seeds.
• Propagation of fruit plants by grafting and growing of grafted plants, learn basic grafting techniques
• Basics of fruit tree crown formation and crown care. Orchard care and maintenance systems. Wound care.
• Basics of berry shrub crown formation and care

• Opportunities for restoring the crown of fruit plants of different age and height

Requirements for awarding credit points

An exam.

Students who have successfully passed all tests, have developed and got credited practical and laboratory works and have successfully presented their Individual work can take the exam

Description of the organization and tasks of students’ independent work

Individual work: “Project of a commercial fruit and berry orchard or nursery”, including an overview of professional and scientific literature, a plantation project (including an area plan), a description of the works to be carried out, Gants diagram on garden establishment and care, the potential volume of production to be obtained and the marketing directions. Size of the work 10-15 pages, excl. literature cited list and appendixes. The work shall be submitted in written form and presented to the student group at the seminar.

Criteria for Evaluating Learning Outcomes

The final evaluation of the examination shall be the average mark from the examination and the tests written during the semester and the individual job marks.
It is possible to obtain the accumulating exam rating as the arithmetic mean from the tests written during the semester and the individual job marks, if their score is not lower than 7.


The laboratory, practical and individual works shall be evaluated in accordance with the procedures for assessment specified in the laboratory, practical and individual works tasks.

Compulsory reading

1. Augļkopība. Red. L. Ikase. Dobeles novads: LV Augļkopības institūts, 2015. 544 lpp.
2. Temperate and subtropical fruit production. D. I. Jackson, N. E. Looney (ed.). 2nd edition. UK: CABI Publishing, 2006. 332 p.
3. The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. J. Janick, R.E. Paull. (ed.). Wallingford, UK; Cambridge, MA: CAB International, 2008. 954 p.

4. Nursery management, tree propagation and marketing. (2013) Nairobi: World Agroforestry Centre, 60 p. http://old.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/MN17565.pdf

Further reading

1. Sudrabs J. 1960 Augļkopība. Rīga: LVI, 679. lpp (arī citi laidumi)
2. Skrīvele M., Ikase L. 2013. Latvijas ābeles. Rīga: Jumava, 136 lpp.
3. Kārkliņš J., Skrīvele M., Kaufmane E., Ikase L. 2007. Plūmju šķirnes. LVAI, Dobele, 204 lpp.
4. Kārkliņš J. 2004. Bumbieru šķirnes. Dobele, 299 lpp.
5. Ruisa S., Kaufmane E. 2008. Ķiršu, aprikožu un persiku šķirnes. Latvijas Pomoloģija, Izd. Latvijas Valsts Augļkopības institūts, 216 lpp.
6. Strautiņa S., Kalniņa I. 2019. Avenes un to audzēšana. Rīga: Jumava,
7. I.Grāvīte (2016) Plūmes. Šķirnes, kopšana, padomi un receptes. Izdevniecība ”Lauku Avīze”, 128.lpp.
8. Skrīvele M., Rubauskis E., Strautiņa S. 2011. Augļu koku un ogulāju veidošana. Rīga: Zvaigzne ABC, 96.lpp.
9. Vēsturiskie dārzi. Šķirņu katalogs. Kviklys D., Gelvonauskiene D., Karkleliene R., Juškevičiene D., Dambrauskiene E., Uselis N., Lanauskas J., Ikase L., Lepse L., Kaufmane E., Feldmane D., Dēķena Dz., Zeipiņa S. Babtai: Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centras filialas Sodininkystės ir daržininkystės institutas, 2019. 175 p.
brīvpieejas informācijas avots: http://fruittechcentre.eu/sites/default/files/2019-03/skirnu_katalogs_elektroniska_versija_HG.pdf
10. Westwood M. K. (1993) Temperate-Zone Pomology. Physiology and Culture. 3rd ed. Portland: Timber Press. 535 p

11. Gough, Bob. An encyclopedia of small fruit [elektroniskais resurss] / Bob Gough. Binghamton, N.Y. : Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, c2007. 161 p.

Periodicals and other sources

1. Acta Horticulturae ISSN: 0567-7572
2. Journal of Tree Fruit Production (ISSN 1540-8590)
3. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. brīvpieejas informācijas avots: https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/prolas/prolas-overview.xml?tab_body=overview un konkrēti:
4. 2017. gada 71. sējums Nr. 3: https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/prolas/71/3/prolas.71.issue-3.xml
2013. gada 67. sējums Nr.2: https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/prolas/67/2/prolas.67.issue-2.xml
5. Zinātniski praktisko konferenču “Līdzsvarota Lauksaimniecība” rakstu krājumi (brīvpieejas): http://www.lf.llu.lv/lv/lidzsvarota-lauksaimnieciba
6. Žurnāls "Agrotops"
7. “Profesionālā Dārzkopība” - e-žurnāls (brīvpieejas): http://fruittechcentre.eu/lv/profesionala-darzkopiba
8. Fruit Quarterly - e-žurnāls (brīvpieejas): http://nyshs.org/fruit-quarterly/past-issues/
9. Obstbau - https://www.obstbau.org/
10. “Lauku Avīze” tematiskās avīzes

11. Plant Nursery Management: Principles and Practices. (2014) Ratha Krishnan, Rajwant K. Kalia, J.C. Tewari, M.M. Roy. Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 40 p. http://www.cazri.res.in/publications/PRathaKrishnan.pdf

Notes

Field professional specialization course in study program Professional Bachelor of Agricultural Sciences, qualification Agronomist with specialization in Horticulture.