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Geodesy and Geoinformatics

Course developer

Prior knowledge

BūvZ5020, Teoretical and Spherical Geodesy

BūvZ6045, Geodetic Support System I

BūvZ6047, Geodetic Measurement Mathematical Processing

BūvZ6051, Geodetic Support System II

Course abstract

During the course, the doctoral students get acquainted with the history, development, and application of geodesy and geoinformatics in solving various engineering and scientific tasks. Acquire knowledge of the basic parameters of the Earth's ellipsoid and its relationships, applicable coordinate and cartographic systems, and their interrelation. Obtain an in-depth knowledge of geodetic measurements, their sources of error and possibilities of their elimination, mathematical methods of measurements, different types of surveying and their application. Students learn the principles of reconstruction and maintenance of national geodetic networks. Students learn the significance of the influence of geodetic reference systems on the solutions of geoinformatics basic tasks.

Learning outcomes and their assessment

1. Knows the parameters of the Earth's ellipsoid, the gravitational field, and its changes. Understands the methods of measuring, processing and displaying the Earth's surface and its images. Can list and describe the elements of the national geodetic reference system justification. Knows the methodology for determining geodetic parameters for the obtained geoinformation data sets. Knowledge is assessed in seminars.
2. Can apply the acquired theoretical knowledge in measurements of angles, distances and elevations, using various geodetic instruments and measurement methods, to process the measurement results. Demonstrate their skills by performing coordinate transformations, compiling geodetic network reconstruction projects. Skills should be assessed in the implementation of independent work.

3. Can evaluate the methodology of transformation (replacement) of geodetic reference systems for the processed data sets. Able to evaluate the application of geodetic instruments and measurement methods, by the task and the required accuracy in the reconstruction of geodetic networks. Competences should be assessed in the implementation of independent work.

Course Content(Calendar)

1. Course content, requirements, literature, and normative basis. Tasks and contents of geodesy and geoinformatics. Influence of geodetic reference systems and their importance on the solutions of the main tasks of geoinformatics. (8h)
2. Representation and correlation of ellipsoid and geoid surfaces. Geoid and quasi-geoid. Reference ellipsoids. The main parameters of the earth ellipsoid and their relations. Principal radii of curvature of the surface at a given ellipsoid point. Curves on the ellipsoid. (8h)
3. Geodetic coordinate systems. The position of a point in space and time. (8h)
4. Reduced ground images. Directional orientation. Nomenclature of maps and plans. Cartographic projections. (8h)
5. Methodology for the determination of geodetic parameters for different geoinformation data sets. (8h)
6. Measuring angles, distances and elevations in the terrain using various geodetic tools and measurement methods. Processing of obtained measurement results. (8h)
7. Geodetic measurements, sources of their errors and possibilities of their elimination, methods of mathematical processing of measurements, types of surveying and their application. Precision measurements of geodetic measurements. (8h)
8. GNSS measurements, application in various branches of the national economy. (8h)
9. High precision geodetic measurements. (8h)
10. Geodetic point signs, their classification, functionality, and conditions for sustainable existence in the maintenance of the geodetic reference system. (8h)
11. Methods of transformation (replacement) of geodetic reference systems, its implementation for processed data sets. (8h)
12. Geodetic network reconstruction works, justification and realization activities. (8h)
13. Maintenance and improvement of the geodetic support system. A synergy of classical and state-of-the-art technologies in the development of the geodetic reference system (8h)
14. Integrated geodetic networks, future development opportunities, and applications. (8h)
15. Solutions of geospatial linking of geoinformatics systems used in the national economy. (8h)

16. Geoinformatics solutions and applications in crises. (8h)

Requirements for awarding credit points

Written exam, expanding the discussion.
Written type of examination ending with a mark.
Independent works must be developed and defended, seminars must be organized, in which presentation should be made on the topic of geodesy and geoinformatics.

Description of the organization and tasks of students’ independent work

1. independent work. Development of a geodetic network reconstruction project for a given territory (volume at least 30 pages, submitted electronically, presented).
2. independent work. Transformation (replacement) of the geodetic reference system for a given territory (volume at least 30 pages, submitted electronically, presented).

3. independent work. Solutions of geospatial reference of geoinformatics systems used in the national economy to the territory (volume at least 20 pages, submitted electronically, presented).

Criteria for Evaluating Learning Outcomes

The final evaluation of the study course depends on the evaluation of the theoretical questions and the solution of the task and the cumulative evaluation of the seminars organized within the study course.
Before passing the doctoral exam, the independent work must be completed and credited.

Compulsory reading

1. Helfriča B., Bīmane I., Kronbergs M., Zuments U. Ģeodēzija. Rīga, LĢIA, 2007, 262 lpp.
2. Žagars J., Zvirgzds J., Kaminskis J. Globālās navigāciju atelītu sistēmas (GNSS). Ventspils Augstskola, 2014, 231 lpp.
3. Teunissen P., Montenbruck O. - (Editors), Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Springer International Publishing AG, 2017, 1335 p.

4. Muller J., Torge W., Geodesy 4th ed., University of Hannover, Germany, 2012, 444 p.

Further reading

1. Kresse W., Danko D. Handbook of Geographic Information, Springer, 2012, 1080 p.
2. Nivelēšanas I, II un III klases nivelēšanas instrukcija, Rīga, 2001, 96 lpp.

3. Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, Edited by Urs Marti, Proceedings of the IAG Symposium GGHS2012, October 9-12, 2012, Venice, Italy, 348 p.

Periodicals and other sources

https://geo-matching.com
https://gim-international.com
https://lgia.gov.lv
https://lmb.lv
https://leica.com
https://trimble.com
https://iugg.com
https://eurefcom

https://geoinformatics.com

Notes

The course is intended for the doctoral study program “Civil Engineering”, specialization “Geodesy and Geoinformatics”.