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Woody Plants Cultivation Outside Forest Land

Course developers

Course abstract

Master's students acquire knowledge about woody plantations (long term tree plantings) and plantation forest establishment technologies and legislation, selection of tree species and planting material, planting techniques, care and harvesting. Productivity and economic benefits woody plantations and plantation forest. The possibilities of recultiva-tion of the former mining areas by growing up stands and the expected result.

Learning outcomes and their assessment

Knowledge - Masters have learned the latest trends on tree plantings, plantation forests, site reclamation opportunities, growing long term tree plantings or plantation forests, or forest stands - land-use choices and associated further productivity and limiting aspects. Capable of selecting tree species suitable for the site and conditions, as have acquired knowledge of the required growing conditions and management system – 3 training tours (24 h).
Skill – students are acquainted with the latest, tree plantations, plantation forests and forest stand growing, management and harvesting technologies, is able to choose the most suitable. Is able to plan and calculate the necessary resources, expected expenses and benefits, including the ecological footprint - 1st contr. (2 h), 9 h practical work.
Competence – students understand and are able to argue the justification of choosing the type of tree growing from the point of view of sustainable management - 2nd test (every 2 h), 3 seminars (9 h).

Course Content(Calendar)

Lectures 24 h
1. Tree species in use, growing practices used for management of tree plantations and plantation forests, agroforestry systems and planted forests in the world and in Latvia (1 h).
2. Legislative requirements regarding the establishment of tree planting on non-forest lands (1h).
3. Re-cultivation of former peat and gravel mining areas and degraded territories by growing a stand as a tree plantation, plantation forest or forest stand, previous experience of Latvia and other countries (1 h).
4. Rehabilitation of territories by establishment of tree stands, the trees as phytoremedians (1 h).
5. Rotation periods for tree plantings on agricultural land and forest stands life cycle, justification of differences (1 h).
6. Choice of planting material – type, purchase, requirements and quality of reproductive material (1 h).
7. Selection of the location of forest plantations and tree plantatings depending on the tree species ingrown. Soil preparation requirements (1 h).
8. Planting time. Planting schemes and techniques. Fertilization, fertilizers. (1 h).
9. Selection of tree species for appropriate growing conditions and establishment of tree plantations, plantation forests or forest stand - 1st test (2 h).
10. Ecological aspects of long-term tree plantings and plantation forest establishment (2 h).
11. GHG emissions from forest plantations and long-term tree plantings in the context of reducing GHG emissions (2 h).
12. Peculiarities of management of re-cultivated areas by ingrowing trees (1 h).
13. Agrotechnical maintenance, cleaning of forest plantations and long-term tree plantings (1 h).
14. Risk factors of forest plantation and plantation forest management, pest control (1 h).
15. Peculiarities of management mix stands and pure stands or monocultures (1 h).
16. Pruning of growing trees (1 h).
17. Protection of long-term tree plantings and plantation forests. Succession. (1 h).
18. Mechanization of management in long-term tree plantings and plantation forest (1 h).
19. Rotation cycle length and production cycles (1 h).
20. The first possible yield of short-term tree plantings and plantation forests. (1 h).
21. Use of forest plantations and plantations products. Plantation forest wood quality. (1 h). yield
22. Ecological aspects of long-term tree plantings and plantation forests, care, protection and course of tree plant growth depending on the growing conditions. Harvesting and use of long-term tree plantings and plantation forests - 2nd test (2 h).
Practical works and seminars (40 h)
For three days students have to take part in study tours-seminars, visiting different types of long-term tree plantings (8 h), plantings forests on agricultural land (8) and planted trees in reclaimed or set-aside area (6 h). Development of practical works takes place in groups, development of a plan-scheme of tree plantations, plantation forests, territory re-cultivation, planning also care and protection, harvesting and use of products, necessary resources, estimated costs and benefits, etc., report and 3 presentations on long-term tree plantings, (3 h individual work + 3 h seminar) And plantation forests (3 h individual work + 3 h seminar), former mining areas recultivation (3 h individual work + 3 h seminar) establishment of a specific tree plantation species.

Requirements for awarding credit points

The number of not attended lectures in the study course may not exceed 10% of the total.
Pass two tests: “Selection of tree species for appropriate growing conditions and establishment of tree plantations, plantation forests or forest stand” and “Ecological aspects of long-term tree plantings and plantation forests, care, protection and course of tree plant growth depending on the growing conditions. Harvesting and use of long-term tree plantings and plantation forests”.
Participate in study tours, practical work and elaboration of individual-group report. Each working group must successfully prepare a report on the progress of the practical work 3 presentations and present and participate: “N lont-term tree plantings (s)”, “N plantation forest establishment” and “N of territory re-cultivation”.

Description of the organization and tasks of students’ independent work

Individually gets acquainted with the latest research findings available. The information obtained in lectures and practical works should be further supplemented independently, using the basic literature, additional literature and scientific resources available on the Internet indicated in the study program and presentations. The groups have to work independently to pass two tests and write a report and prepare presentations (one for each working group - “N tree plantation (s)”; “N plantation forest establishment”; “N area recultivation”; duration of each presentation ~20 min. + 5 min discussions).

Criteria for Evaluating Learning Outcomes

Knowledge, skills and competence are assessed on a 10-point scale. Oral and written answers are successful if at least 50% of the questions are answered correctly. The final assessment consists of the cumulative assessment of the study course tests and practical work (reports and presentations).

Compulsory reading

1. Plantāciju mežu augšanas gaita, produktivitāte un ietekme uz vidi. M. Daugaviete, B. Dambe, A. Lazdiņš, D. Lazdiņa. Salaspils: LVMI Silava. DU AA Saule, 2017. 470 lpp. Pieejams: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323691587_Plantaciju_mezu_augsanas_gaita_produktivitate_un_ietekme_uz_vidi
2. Dimitriou I., Rutz D. Ilgtspējīgi īscirtmeta atvasāju stādījumi. Rokasgrāmata. Tulkoja D.Lazdiņa, LVMI Silava. Minhene, Vācija: WIP Renewable Energies, 2015. 108 lpp.
http://www.silava.lv/userfiles/file/Info%20materi%C4%81li/2016_08_Rokasgramata_iscirtmeta_atvasaji_final_www.pdf
3. Baltalksnis Latvijā. Latvijas Valsts Mežzinātnes institūts "Silava"; projekta vad. M. Daugavietis; red. K. Kalniņa. Salaspils: LVMI Silava, 2006. 129 lpp.
4. Bušs M. (1960) Latvijas kāpu smiltāji un to apmežošana., LVI., Rīga, 1960. 142. lpp.
5. Šēnhofa, S., Lazdiņa, D., Jansons, Ā. Papeļu (Populus spp.) stādījumu ierīkošana un apsaimniekošana. Salaspils: LVMI Silava, DU AA Saule, 2019. Ir LLU FB 1 eks. Pieejams: http://www.silava.lv/userfiles/file/Info%20materi%C4%81li/2019_Papelu_Populus_spp_stadijumu_ierikosana_un_apsaimniekosana_www.pdf
6. Priede A., Gancone A. red. (2019) Kūdras ieguves ietekmētu teritoriju atbildīga apsaimniekošana un ilgtspējīga izmantošana. Baltijas krasti, Rīga.
http://baltijaskrasti.lv/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ZEMA_IZSKITRSPEJA_Kudras-ieguves-ietekmetu-teritoriju-apsaimniekosana.pdf
7. Niemiste P., Vihere-Arnio A., Vellinga P., Herejervi H., Verkasalo E. Bērzu audzēšana un izmantošana [tiešsaiste] AS Latvijas Finieris, 2020. 242 lpp. (Oriģinālo izdevumu somu valodā pirmpublicējusi izdevniecība “Metsäkustannus Oy “, Helsink, 2008.)[skatīts 16.06.2021.] Pieejams: https://www.finieris.lv/docs/Dokumenti/Citi/Berzu-audzesana-un-izmantosana_M.pdf

Further reading

1. Liepiņš K. Kārpainā bērza (Betula pendula Roth.) jaunaudžu augšanas gaita stādījumos lauksaimniecības augsnēs Latvijā. Growth of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in plantations on farmlands In Latvia. Mežzinātne, vol. 23(56), 2011, p. 3-14. [skatīts 16.06.2021.] Pieejams:
http://www.silava.lv/userfiles/file/Mezzinatne%2023(56)2011/1_Liepins_Mezzinatne_23.pdf
2. Kas ir hibrīdā apse. Autors M. Zeps; māksliniece R. Kazāka; izdevumu sagatavoja LVMI "Silava". 2008. [tiešsaiste] [skatīts 16.06.2021.] Pieejams: http://www.silava.lv/userfiles/file/apse_optim.pdf
Ir LLU FB 1 eks.
3. Miezīte O. Meža aizsardzība. 2.daļa Meža fitopatoloģija. : mācību līdzeklis LLU Meža fakultātes studentiem, nozares speciālistiem un meža īpašniekiem. Jelgava: Latvijas Lauksaimniecības universitāte, Meža fakultāte. Studentu biedrība "Šalkone", 2017. 173 lpp.
4. Miezīte O. Meža aizsardzība un apsardzība. 1.daļa: Meža entomoloģija: mācību līdzeklis LLU Meža fakultātes studentiem, nozares speciālistiem un meža īpašniekiem. Jelgava: Latvijas Lauksaimniecības universitāte, Meža fakultāte. Studentu biedrība "Šalkone", 2015. 172 lpp.
5. Poplars and Willows: Trees for Society and the Environment, Ed. by J.G. Isebrands and J. Richardson. Boston, MA: Rome: CABI; FAO. 656 p.

Periodicals and other sources

Global Change Biology. ISSN 1365-2486
Baltic Forestry. ISSN 1392-1355
New Forests. E-ISSN:1573-5095
Agroforestry Systems. E-ISSN:1572-9680

Notes

The study course is included in the section of optional study courses of the Master's study program in Forestry science