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Location Determination in Crisis Situations

Course developers

Course abstract

During the study course students acquire knowledge about the Geodetic Support System and the history and development of geodetic support networks created and maintained within them. Factors influencing the dynamics of their development and demand for use, as well as their historical and practical relationship with astronomical geodetic measurements.
Development of land mapping and its connection with the development of geodesy. The beginnings of the formation of global world geodetic support and their development today. Interaction of different types of geodetic measurements and inclusion in the improvement of the common support system.
Astronomical measurements in geodesy, their place and role in the establishment and maintenance of geodetic supports.
Determining the coordinates of a given place by different methods in crisis situations.
Will learn the techniques of determining the location of an autonomous location using the results of observations of celestial bodies in various economic situations, including crisis situations.
Learning to locate an autonomous location in crisis situations after celestial bodies

Learning outcomes and their assessment

1. Knows the development of geodetic astronomy, their types and methods depending on the solved surveying tasks, obtained accuracies; homework
2. Knows the relationship of the Earth's position Astronomical measurement results with the ellipsoid and geoid parameters, as well as the relationships between astronomical measurements and geodetic systems in the formation of Earth coordinates and direction reports; Test 1
3. Is able to independently perform the determination of the coordinates of the given location and mathematical processing of measurement results, evaluate their accuracy; laboratory works
4. Is able to independently perform the simplest geodetic astronomical measurements (observations), measurements of coordinates, distances and reference directions; laboratory works
5. Is able to plan and organize the necessary accuracy astronomical-geodetic measurements, choosing the most suitable measurement times and tool / equipment sets depending on the task received. Test 2

Course Content(Calendar)

1. Content, requirements, literature and normative base of the study course. Historical necessity and development of geodetic astronomy measurement systems in geodesy. (2h)
2. Interrelation of astronomical measurement results with the representation of ellipsoid and geoid surfaces, their interrelations. (2h)
3. Geodetic astronomy measurement processing. Inclusion of the obtained results in the establishment or maintenance or calibration of the geodetic system. (2h)
4. Measurement errors and accuracies. (2h)
5. Geodetic quantities and their parameters to be obtained as a result of geodetic astronomical works. (2h)
6. Geodetic astronomical measurement technologies and instruments. (2h)
7. Star and celestial body position catalogs and their use. (2h)
8. Accurate time counting systems, their use in geodetic-astronomical measurements and application equipment. (2h)
Test 1 Relationship of the Earth ellipsoid, geoid to astronomical measurement positions, measurement execution and processing technologies, measurement equipment.
9. Relationship of geodetic astronomy with the State geodetic support networks. (2h)
10. Geodetic astronomical points, networks, bases and technologies, methods and applications of their formation. (2h)
11. Possibilities of linking geodetic astronomy with geodetic networks of national significance and geodetic networks of local significance. (2h)
12. Autonomous surveys of geodetic astronomy, their tasks, planning and implementation. (2h)
13. Division, constructions and fortifications of geodetic astronomical points, networks, base directions and lines. (2h)
14. Technologies for obtaining accurate measurements of geodetic astronomy. (2h)
15. Current use of geodetic astronomical technologies, future challenges and opportunities. (2h)
16. Offers of the latest technical equipment and technological solutions of geodetic astronomy for the tasks of maintaining national geodetic support. (2h)
Test 2 Principles, tasks, organization, tools and equipment of geodetic astronomy measurements, networks and their connection with the tasks of functioning of national geodetic networks.

Requirements for awarding credit points

Each part ends with an assessment (mark),
Written type of examination ending with a mark.
The test task consists of:
- test on the theoretical subject acquired in the study course;
- practical task on the topics acquired in the study course laboratory works and homework.
All laboratory work, tests, homework must be passed.

Description of the organization and tasks of students’ independent work

1. homework. Determining the geolocation of a selected site by three methods. Accuracy analysis (volume at least 15 pages, submitted electronically, presented);
2. homework. Geodetic astronomy and national Geodetic network connection examples and parameters for a specific national territory (research volume at least 15 pages submitted electronically, presented).

Criteria for Evaluating Learning Outcomes

The evaluation of the study course depends on the evaluation of the theoretical questions and the solution of the task, and the cumulative evaluation of the study course tests and homework. All planned laboratory work must be completed and graded. Attendance at lectures must be at least 75% of the total.
A student can obtain a successful mark on a test or exam test if at least 50% of the test questions are answered correctly.
Students who have at least 7 in this study course may not pass the theoretical test with a mark but equate the arithmetic mean of the tests in the study course with the marks of the theoretical test.
The final grade is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the tasks of the final test and the average marks of the semester, which is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the marks of the tests and homework taken in the study course.

Compulsory reading

1. Helfriča B., Bīmane I., Kronbergs M., Zuments U. Ģeodēzija. Rīga, : LĢIA, 2007. 262 lpp.
2. Žagars J., Zvirgzds J., Kaminskis J. Globālās navigācijas satelītu sistēmas (GNSS). Ventspils: Ventspils Augstskola, 2014, . 231 lpp.
3. Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. P.Teunissen, O. Montenbruck, (editors). Springer International Publishing AG 2017, . 1335 p.

Further reading

1. Strang G., Borre K. Linear algebra, geodesy and GPS. Wellesley: Cambridge Press, 1997.
2. Nivelēšanas I, II un III klases nivelēšanas instrukcija, Rīga 2001 96 lpp. NAV LLU FB.
3. Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems. , Edited by Urs Marti. Proceedings of the IAG Symposium GGHS2012, October 9-12, 2012, Venice, Italy. 348 p.

Periodicals and other sources

https://geo-matching.com/
https://www.gim-international.com/
https://www.lgia.gov.lv/
http://lmb.lv/
http://leica.com/
https://trimble.com
Globālā pozicionēšana

Notes

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