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Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology III

Course developer

Prior knowledge

Vete4024, Small Animal Surgery II

Vete4105, Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology I

Vete4114, Anesthesiology and Emergency

VeteB022, Internal Medicine, Herd Health III

VeteB024, Surgery Techniques and Topographical Anatomy II

VeteB029, Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics II

VeteB038, Small Animal Internal Medicine II

Replaced course

Vete6039 [GVET6039] Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology III

Course abstract

The aim of the study course “Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical pharmacotherapy III” Clinical pharmacotherapy is to acquire in depth, science-based knowledge about the drug usage protocols and tactics in animals, drug interactions and combinations, adverse effects and official reporting principles.

Learning outcomes and their assessment

• Knowledge and understanding of possible drug interactions, ability to identify the drug side effects, recognize the legal aspects of drug use, incl. global guidelines for drug use – seminars, 2 colloquiums.
• Skills – to be able to understand and prescribe drugs of different groups, taking into account the factors affecting the medicinal substance of an individual animal, to navigate the spectrum of possible interactions of drugs and to understand the influence of clinical diseases on the guidelines for prescribing drugs – practical work, calculations, tasks.
• Competence - applying the acquired knowledge to analyses the aspects of drug use in clinical cases, interpretate the justified and rational use of drugs in the treatment of an individualized animal, taking into account the guidelines for the use of drugs and the principles of rational drug selection - control work, KEGA.

Course Content(Calendar)

Lectures:
1. Drug adverse reactions, current legislation. Lecture 2 hours.
2. Pharmacology of drug combinations, interactions. Lecture 2h.
3. Guidelines and principles of antiseptic and antibacterial agents. Lecture 2 hours
4. Principles and guidelines for selection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for healthy animals and in cases of liver and kidney diseases. Lecture 2 h.
5. Principles of clinical pharmacotherapy in canine and feline medicine. Lectures 2h.
6. Principles of clinical pharmacotherapy in ruminant medicine. Lectures 2h.
7. Principles of clinical pharmacotherapy in equine medicine. Lectures 2h.
8. Principles of the skin and ear diseases treatment. Lecture 2 hours.
9. Principles of the eye treatment. Lecture 2 hours.

Practicals:
Practical reporting of adverse drug reactions. Seminar 1 h.
Clinical aspects of solution therapy. Seminar 1 h.
Guidelines for the selection of antiseptic and antibacterial agents. Seminar 1h.
Seminar. Clinical case analysis (KEGA) - presentation. Seminar 2h
Seminar. Clinical case analysis (KEGA) - presentation. Seminar 2h
Seminar. Clinical case analysis (KEGA) - presentation. Seminar 2h
Seminar. Clinical case analysis (KEGA) - presentation. Seminar 3h

Colloquium:
Drug side effects, combinations, interactions, antibiotic use guidelines.
Guidelines for the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and solution
Principles of species pharmacotherapy.

Requirements for awarding credit points

Formal test with grade.
Three colloquiums with a rating of no less than 5 points (the lowest rating result is 65% of correct answers in the test) and a clinical and epidemiological case analysis work (KEGA) as a basis for passing with a grade.
Attended lectures, at least 50%, passed colloquiums successfully and submitted and defended KEGA work on time.
If more than 50% of the lectures and laboratory works are unexcused missed and colloquiums have not been passed, the KEGA has been submitted and defended on time, the course must be retaken.

Description of the organization and tasks of students’ independent work

The goal of KEGA is to learn to analyse, develop and interpret the treatment plan of an individual clinical case and to create a treatment protocol for a specific case.
To achieve the goal of the work, the student:
• chooses a clinical case obtained after clinical examination of an individual animal at the LBTU Veterinary Clinic, in an internal or external practice, in coordination with the course leader;
• compiles and analyses a clinical case treatment course protocol;
• prepares an individualized approach to the treatment protocol;
• analyses the information available about drug interaction, individual suitability, taking into account combinations of drugs in a particular case, individual parameters of the animal and peculiarities of feeding;
• orally present a clinical case.
Selection of work topics.
When starting the study course "Clinical pharmacotherapy", students choose or are assigned a description of a clinical case obtained from the database of clinical cases of the LBTU Veterinary Clinic or from any internal, external practice, in consultation with the lecturer of the study course.
Work methodology.
At the beginning of the work, a clinical record must be prepared according to the description protocol developed by the LBTU Veterinary Clinic (see picture 20 of the description). After preparing the record it must be sent electronically to the responsible teaching staff. If the pharmacotherapy prescription is correct and appropriate, then the teaching staff gives the student permission to start preparing a detailed pharmacotherapy plan, reviewing the used medications and their interactions, possible side effects and individual factors that affect the effect and safety of the medication. If significant inconsistencies are found in the description, the student must improve it and resend it.
The following sections should be included in the analysis: title page, introduction, theoretical part, discussion, conclusions, recommendations, used literature.
The theoretical part should include the following information:
• Brief description of the disease, diagnosis, including the causes of the disease, ethicology, epizootiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis.
• A brief description of the selected medications.
The discussion part should include the following information:
• Analysis of the pharmacotherapy plan, including principles of drug selection, indications, contraindications, side effects, restrictions on use, individual factors
• Description of the interaction of drugs used in pharmacotherapy
A written KEGA analysis must be submitted to the responsible faculty member at least two weeks before the scheduled defence.

Defence of work.
The defence of KEGA is carried out orally, during practical classes. Oral defence time per student is up to 10 minutes. The student must orally be able to briefly analyse the disease, the pharmacotherapy plan and possible drug interactions and topicalities of therapy. The student is informed with detailed information about the progress of the defence at the start of the study course.

KEGA assessment is based on the following criteria:
• Analysis of clinical case and pharmacotherapy plan;
• Quality of the written KEGA analysis in accordance with the regulations;
• Timely submission of KEGA analysis;
• Oral presentation – visual presentation, content, ability to answer questions.
Integration of the work in the assessment of the study course.
Clinical case analysis is graded. If the KEGA rules are not met, the student is not allowed to take the test. If the KEGA is not developed within the specified time, then the student individually agrees with the teaching staff about a repeated test or additional time for development.

Criteria for Evaluating Learning Outcomes

Student skills are evaluated in accordance with the procedures specified in the tasks of the study course.
Study course colloquiums and KEGA work are evaluated according to the criteria of the 10-point system scale specified in the LBTU Study Regulations. KEGA is equated to the assessment of a test, i.e. the student receives a credit with a grade. If the KEGA rules are not met, the student is not allowed to take the test.
If the KEGA is not developed within the specified time, then the student individually agrees with the teaching staff about a repeated test or additional time for development.
The colloquium is considered to be passed, so it is considered out of 5 points.
In the study course, the assessment with a grade consists of the 3 colloquiums and the KEGA grade.

Compulsory reading

1. Bonagura J.D., Twedt D.C. Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XV. 1st ed. Elsevier, USA, 2014, 1339p
2. Smith C.M., Reynard A.M. Textbook of Pharmacology. WB Saunders Co, 1995. 694p

Further reading

1. Plumb D.C. Veterinary Drug Handbook. USA: Pharma Vet. Publ., 2008. 1485 p.

Periodicals and other sources

1.Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. J Vet Pharmacol Therapeut. Published by John Wiley and Sons. ISSN (printed): 0140-7783. ISSN (electronic): 1365-2885.

2.http://cliniciansbrief.com

Notes

Compulsory course of second cycle professional higher education study programme Veterinary Medicine.