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Ophthalmology

Course developer

Prior knowledge

Vete4024, Small Animal Surgery II

Vete4105, Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology I

VeteB004, Anatomy of the Domestic Animals III

VeteB010, Physiology II

VeteB022, Internal Medicine, Herd Health III

VeteB030, Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics III

VeteB038, Small Animal Internal Medicine II

Replaced course

Vete4079 [GVET4083] Ophthalmology

Course abstract

In veterinary ophthalmology, students acquire in-depth knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the eye of various animal species, clinical examination of the eye, diseases of various structures of the eye, their diagnosis and incidence, as well as the selection and use of medications and surgical manipulations in the treatment of eye diseases.

Learning outcomes and their assessment

• Knowledge: By successfully completing the course, students gain knowledge about the mechanism of development of eye diseases, causes, pathogenesis, basic principles of diagnosis and treatment and orient themselves in the application of these principles to small and farm animals, lectures.
• Skills: be able to recognize and describe ophthalmic clinical cases. The ability to differentiate various eye diseases based on clinical signs and their manifestation - practical works, KEGA.
• Competence: the ability to apply the acquired knowledge and skills, analysing various eye diseases, using appropriate eye examination methods, explaining the pathogenesis, causes, treatment and prognosis of the disease - KEGA

Course Content(Calendar)

List of weeks in full-time face-to-face studies:
1. Introduction to ophthalmology, orbit, eyelid diseases. Lectures 4 h.
2. Conjunctival and third eye diseases and diseases of the lacrimal system. Lectures 4 h.
3. Diseases of the cornea and anterior chamber of the eye. Lectures 4 h.
4. Uveal diseases. Glaucoma. Inherited and acquired diseases of the lens, vitreous body. Lectures 4 h.
5. Inherited and acquired disease of the retina. The relationship between eye diseases and systemic diseases of the body. Emergency ophthalmology. Lectures 4h.
6. Ophthalmological therapy and surgery. Specifics of the ruminant and equine ophthalmology. Lectures 4h.

Practical works:
1. Demonstrations of clinical examination, learning of equipment. Practical eye clinical examination. Practical works 4 hours.
2. Practical surgery – eyelid injuries, entropion, eye enucleation. Practical works 4 hours.
3. Ophthalmological surgery. Practical works 4 hours.
4. CECA (Clinical and Epidemiological Case Analysis) – Public defence of ophthalmological clinical case analysis. Practical works 4 hours.

Requirements for awarding credit points

At least 70% of lectures and practical work must be attended, , a topic report on missed lessons must be prepared. If more than 30% of lectures and practical works are unexcitedly missed and the report of the missed classes has not been submitted, the course must be retaken. Clinical and Epidemiological Case Analysis (KEGA) work has been prepared, submitted and presented on time. Course ends with formal test with grade

Description of the organization and tasks of students’ independent work

Purpose of work.
Learn to interpret, diagnose and analyse an individual clinical case of ophthalmology.
Work assignments.
During the work, students perform the following tasks:
• simulate the role of the doctor and the patient in clarifying the patient's anamnesis, clinical signs and diagnosis;
• prepare a description of an ophthalmological case, establish a diagnosis;
• analyse the information available in information sources about the established diagnosis;
• orally present a clinical case.
Selection of work topics.
When starting the Ophthalmology study course, students are assigned an individual clinical case image with a brief description of the animal, obtained from the LBTU Veterinary Clinic's clinical case database or ophthalmology practice.
Work methodology.
At the beginning of the work, the student is given a picture of a clinical case, individually with the lecturer, simulating the course of practice, the anamnesis of the disease, the clinical picture, the diagnostic procedures must be evaluated and the diagnosis must be made. After receiving confirmation of the diagnosis from the lecturer, the preparation of the clinical case analysis should be started. The following sections should be included in the analysis: title page, introduction, clinical case description, theoretical part, discussion, conclusions, recommendations, used literature.
The theoretical part should include the following information:
• description of the disease, diagnosis, including the causes of the disease, ethiology, epizootiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis;
The discussion part should include the following information:
• comparison and analysis of the information available in the literature and the clinical case;
• clinical case treatment plan analysis.
A written KEGA analysis must be submitted to the responsible faculty member at least two weeks before the scheduled defence.
Defence of work.
Defence of clinical cases takes place orally, during seminar classes. Oral defence time per student is up to 10 minutes. The student must orally be able to analyse the disease, ophthalmological examination, determination of the course of treatment and the actualities of therapy, as well as the latest literature and clinical studies. The student is informed with detailed information about the progress of the defence at the start of the study course.

Evaluation.
KEGA evaluation is based on the following criteria:
• quality of clinical case analysis;
• a written KEGA analysis in accordance with the regulations;
• timely submission of KEGA analysis;
• oral presentation – visual presentation, content, ability to answer questions.
Integration of the work in the assessment of the study course.
The analysis of clinical cases is equated to the evaluation of the final test, i.e. the student receives a test with a grade. If the KEGA rules are not met, the student does not receive an assessment.
If the KEGA is not developed within the specified time, then the student individually agrees with the teaching staff about a repeated test or additional time for development.

Criteria for Evaluating Learning Outcomes

Student practices are evaluated according to the order of assigned tasks.
The KEGA work of the study course is evaluated according to the criteria of the 10-point system scale specified in the LBTU Study Regulations. KEGA is equated to the assessment of the test, i.e. the student receives a grade.
If the KEGA is not developed within the specified time, then the student individually agrees with the teaching staff about a repeated test or additional time for development.
In order to obtain the final evaluation of the study course "formal test with grade", the KEGA work must be graded with a passing grade.

Compulsory reading

1. D. Slatter, Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology, W.B. Saunders company, second, third edtion, 2004,
2. G. A. Severin, Severin’s Veterinary ophthalmology notes, third editon 1995.
3. Kirk.N. Gellat Veterinary Ophthalmology second edition, Lea & Febiger,1991
4. Simon Petersen, Sheila Crispin, BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Ophthalmology, 2006.
Gelatt, KN. Essentials of Veterinary Ophthalmology. Florida. Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.
5. Petersen-Jones. S. Crispin, S. BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Ophthalmology. Gloucester. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2006.

Further reading

1. M.P Nasisse The veterinary clinics of Norths America, Small animal practice, surgical management of ocular disease, 1997.

Periodicals and other sources

1. Veterinary Ophthalmology, Wiley Online Library

2. http://cliniciansbrief.com

Notes

Elective course of second cycle professional higher study program Veterinary medicine