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Fruit Production I

Course developer

Prior knowledge

Biol1001, Botany

Biol3006, Plant Physiology II

Biol3014, Plant Physiology I

Course abstract

Diversity of fruit and berry plants, their ecological requirements, biological properties, and the preconditions for quality production. In laboratory and practical works, students acquire an in-depth understanding of fruit and berry plants and practical skills in cultivar choice, harvesting, and quality assessment.

Learning outcomes and their assessment

1. Know the classification and diversity of fruit and berry plants, their structure and biological properties – test
2. Are able to recognise and name fruit and berry plants, independently perform major work operations in their harvesting and crop quality assessment - laboratories and practical works

3. Competent to evaluate fruit/berry harvest quality and to give recommendation for its improvement, as well as to justify their decisions and views – individual work.

Course Content(Calendar)

1. Place of Fruit Production in the agricultural production system, its economic importance, its spotlight and perspective. The role of fruits and berries in human nutrition - 1 h
2. Legislative regulations in fruit production - 1 h
3. Classification and systematics of the fruit and berry plants – 2 h
4. Diversity and identification of fruit plants – 2 h
5. Botanic and biological properties of different fruit and berry plants, their influence on growing and use– 7 h
6. Fruit plant structure, effects of fruit plant structure features on garden care, production and life - 6 h
7. Characteristics of fruit plant vegetation and dormancy periods, their effects on production and winter hardiness - 2 h
8. Yield formation and care of yield of fruit plants. Annual and bi-annual production – 1 h
9. Fruit plant cultivars – 2 h
10. Evaluation of fruit yield, harvesting and storage of fruits and berries - 5 h
11. Quality analysis of fruits and berries. Conditions for high quality yield – 2 h
Test. Introduction. Fruit/berry plant diversity, structure and biological properties
Test on the Individual work - identification of the fruit/berry plants

Laboratory / practical work topics:
• Description of the characteristics and identification of fruit plants by samples of a given plant.
• Structure of fruit/berry plant root and crown system and types of spurs
• Anatomical structure of the trunk and branches of fruit plants
• Determination of the age of the fruit tree and description of the life conditions based on the data of trunk cross-section analysis.
• Characterization of grafted plant grafting components compatibility according to the data of the analysis of the fusion sites
• Methods for determining the optimum time for fruit harvesting.
• Fruit harvesting and yield parameter calculations
• Changes in quality and quantity of fruit production during storage
• Sensory and agronomic evaluation of given fruit varieties, analysis of variety diversity and cultivar choice conditions.
• Evaluation of fruit quality according to market and regulatory requirements. Analytical study of the causes of quality loss in given fruit samples

• Classification of fruit buds and their dislocation in the crown. Characterization of previous years' yield of tree (shrub) and forecasting of next year's yield based on the analysis of branches of given samples

Requirements for awarding credit points

Test without mark.

Students who have successfully passed tests, have developed and got credited practical and laboratory works and can identify, name and briefly describe fruit/berry plants can get the Test.

Description of the organization and tasks of students’ independent work

Students individually improve their skills in identifying and scientific systematics of fruit/berry plants (know names in Latin).

Criteria for Evaluating Learning Outcomes

The laboratory, practical and individual works shall be evaluated in accordance with the procedures for assessment specified in the laboratory, practical and individual works tasks.

Compulsory reading

1. Augļkopība. Red. L. Ikase. Dobeles novads: LV Augļkopības institūts, 2015. 544 lpp.
2. Temperate and subtropical fruit production. D. I. Jackson, N. E. Looney (ed.). 2nd edition. UK: CABI Publishing, 2006. 332 p.
3. The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. J. Janick, R.E. Paull. (ed.). Wallingford, UK; Cambridge, MA: CAB International, 2008. 954 p.

4. Fundamentals of Temperate Zone Tree Fruit Production. Ed. by J. Tromp, A.D. Webster, S.J.Wetheim. Leiden: Backuys Publishers, 2005. 400 p.

Further reading

1. Sudrabs J. 1960 Augļkopība. Rīga: LVI, 679. lpp (arī citi laidumi)
2. Skrīvele M., Ikase L. 2013. Latvijas ābeles. Rīga: Jumava, 136 lpp.
3. Kārkliņš J., Skrīvele M., Kaufmane E., Ikase L. 2007. Plūmju šķirnes. LVAI, Dobele, 204 lpp.
4. Kārkliņš J. 2004. Bumbieru šķirnes. Dobele, 299 lpp.
5. Ruisa S., Kaufmane E. 2008. Ķiršu, aprikožu un persiku šķirnes. Latvijas Pomoloģija, Izd. Latvijas Valsts Augļkopības institūts, 216 lpp.
6. I.Grāvīte (2016) Plūmes. Šķirnes, kopšana, padomi un receptes. Izdevniecība ”Lauku Avīze”, 128.lpp.
7. Brūvelis A, Segliņa D. (2014) Smiltsērkšķis. Audzēšana, izmantošana, receptes AS Lauku avīze, 111.lpp.
8. Āboliņš M., Liepniece M., u.c. (2012) Lielogu dzērveņu audzēšana Zvaigzne ABC, 110.lpp.
9. Strautiņa S., Kalniņa I. 2019. Avenes un to audzēšana. Rīga: Jumava,
10. Skrīvele M., Rubauskis E., Strautiņa S. 2011. Augļu koku un ogulāju veidošana. Rīga: Zvaigzne ABC, 96.lpp.
11. Vēsturiskie dārzi. Šķirņu katalogs. Kviklys D., Gelvonauskiene D., Karkleliene R., Juškevičiene D., Dambrauskiene E., Uselis N., Lanauskas J., Ikase L., Lepse L., Kaufmane E., Feldmane D., Dēķena Dz., Zeipiņa S. Babtai: Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centras filialas Sodininkystės ir daržininkystės institutas, 2019. 175 p.
brīvpieejas informācijas avots: http://fruittechcentre.eu/sites/default/files/2019-03/skirnu_katalogs_elektroniska_versija_HG.pdf
12. Westwood M. K. (1993) Temperate-Zone Pomology. Physiology and Culture. 3rd ed. Portland: Timber Press. 535 p
13. Valero, Daniel. Postharvest biology and technology for preserving fruit quality [elektroniskais resurss] / Daniel Valero and Maria Serrano. Boca Raton, Fla. : Taylor & Francis Group, 2010. 287 p.
14. Gough, Bob. An encyclopedia of small fruit [elektroniskais resurss] / Bob Gough. Binghamton, N.Y. : Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, c2007. 161 p.
15. Rosa L. A., Alvarez-Parrilla E., González-Aguilar G A. Fruit and vegetable phytochemicals :chemistry, nutritional value and stability, Ames, Iowa, (2010) Wiley-Blackwell, 367 p.

16. Postharvest: The physiology and handling of fruit, vegetables and ornamentals, 5th (2007)edition by R.Wills, 252 p.

Periodicals and other sources

1. Acta Horticulturae ISSN: 0567-7572
2. Journal of Tree Fruit Production (ISSN 1540-8590)
3. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. brīvpieejas informācijas avots: https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/prolas/prolas-overview.xml?tab_body=overview un konkrēti:
2017. gada 71. sējums Nr. 3: https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/prolas/71/3/prolas.71.issue-3.xml
2013. gada 67. sējums Nr.2: https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/prolas/67/2/prolas.67.issue-2.xml
4. Zinātniski praktisko konferenču “Līdzsvarota Lauksaimniecība” rakstu krājumi (brīvpieejas): http://www.lf.llu.lv/lv/lidzsvarota-lauksaimnieciba
5. Žurnāls "Agrotops"
6. “Profesionālā Dārzkopība” - e-žurnāls (brīvpieejas): http://fruittechcentre.eu/lv/profesionala-darzkopiba
7. Fruit Quarterly - e-žurnāls (brīvpieejas): http://nyshs.org/fruit-quarterly/past-issues/
8. Obstbau - https://www.obstbau.org/

9. Lauku Avīze” tematiskās avīzes

Notes

Field professional specialization course in study program Professional Bachelor of Agricultural Sciences, qualification Agronomist with specialization in Horticulture.